Development of a Quantitative Edxrf Method for Determining the Concentration of Palladium Applied to Tobacco

نویسندگان

  • J. Lipscomb
  • M. Chang
  • T. Danielson
  • C. Connell
  • S. Zimmermann
  • Philip Morris
چکیده

A quantitative energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry method was developed for determining the concentration of palladium (Pd) applied to tobacco cut filler. Control and standards were created in-house with different levels of Pd concentration. After application of the Pd in a salt solution, the tobacco had an average oven volatiles (OV) value of 27.6%. Three aliquots were analyzed at each concentration level by EDXRF and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Results were plotted against target values to perform a linear regression. EDXRF and ICP-AES coefficient of determination (R) values were both lower than the accepted minimum value of 0.990. Also, measured concentrations varied significantly between replicates. To improve the calibration technique, two options were evaluated: (a) Improve sample homogeneity by lyophilizing and finely grinding the tobacco, and (b) Improve the linear fit of the EDXRF calibration curve by plotting against ICPAES results. EDXRF and ICP-AES analyses were performed on lyophilized samples with an average OV value of 3.3%. Results demonstrated minimum variation between replicates and distinct variation between levels of concentration. Results were plotted against target values, and both EDXRF and ICP-AES R values improved. For evaluation of option (b), EDXRF results were plotted against ICP-AES results to create the calibration curve with an R value of 0.994. Compton scatter was implemented in the method to account for the difference in the moisture content of the lyophilized standards and the unknown samples with high OV values.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Ionic Liquid Based Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction and Enhanced Determination of the Palladium in Water, Soil and Vegetable Samples by FAAS

In this study, we combined Ionic Liquid-based Dispersive Liquid Liquid Micro Extraction (IL-DLLME) with FAAS for determining the palladium in different real samples at the trace level. 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Hmim][PF6] ionic liquid and 1-(2-pyridylazo) 2-naphthol (PAN), were chosen as the extraction solvent and the chelating agent, respectively. The hydr...

متن کامل

Extraction - Spectrophotometric Determination of Palladium with Tetrabutyl Ammonium Iodide

A sensitive and selective extraction - spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of palladium is reported. The method is based on quantitative extraction of brownish tetrabutylammoium tetraiodopalladium (II) ion pair into a small valume of chloroform at pH 1.3-12.0, followed by spectrophotometric measurements. The Beer's law is obeyed over the range 0.02-1.09 <em...

متن کامل

Synthesis of nanostructured palladium, palladium oxide and palladium-palladium oxide nanocomposite by the gel combustion method and application as catalyst of hydrogen release

This paper presents a new gel combustion method to synthesize palladium nanoparticles, palladium oxide (PdO) nanoparticles and palladium-palladium oxide nanocomposites. In the proposed method, there are some effective parameters including palladium chloride concentration, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration, acid concentration, solvent composition and combustion temperature that their values ...

متن کامل

Application of Sulfur Nanoparticles as a Solid Phase Extraction Sorbent for the Preconcentration of Lead(II) and Palladium(II) in Environmental Samples Prior to Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Determination

The application of sulfur nanoparticles as an efficient adsorbent for the solid-phase extraction and determination of the trace amounts of Pb and Pd ions was investigated in environmental samples using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Effects of various parameters such as pH, flow rate of sample and eluent, type and concentration of eluent, sample volume, amount of adsorbent and interferin...

متن کامل

Cloud Point Extraction of Palladium as Chelate with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol Using Triton X-114 Prior to Determination in Real Samples by ETAAS

A pre-concentration and determination methodology for palladium in real samples at ultra-trace levels by 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) was developed. The analyte in the initial aqueous solution, acidified with HCl, was complexed with PAN and Triton X-114 was added as a surfactant. The surfactant-rich phase was diluted with concentrated HNO3 (65%, w/w) after phase separation. Then, the conce...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2007